
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women in the UK. Early detection can significantly increase the chances of successful treatment. That’s where the NHS Breast Screening Programme comes in — a vital service that helps find breast cancer at an early stage, often before any symptoms appear.
What Is Breast Screening?
Breast screening is a way of checking breasts for signs of cancer using a test called a mammogram. A mammogram is a low-dose X-ray that can detect lumps or changes in breast tissue that may not be felt by hand.
Who Is Invited for Screening?
In the UK, the NHS invites women aged 50 to 70 for breast screening every 3 years. In some areas, the age range was extended as part of a trial to include women from 47 to 73.
If you’re over 70, you won’t receive automatic invitations, but you can still request a screening appointment by contacting your local breast screening unit.
Why Is Breast Screening Important?
Breast screening saves lives. Here’s how:
- Early detection: Screening can find cancers when they’re too small to see or feel.
- Better treatment options: Early-stage breast cancer is usually easier to treat, often requiring less aggressive treatments.
- Improved survival rates: The earlier breast cancer is found, the more likely it is to be successfully treated.
According to the NHS, breast screening prevents around 1,300 deaths every year in the UK.
What Happens During Breast Screening?
A breast screening appointment usually lasts about 20 minutes. Here’s what to expect:
- You’ll be asked to undress from the waist up in a private changing area.
- A female mammographer will place your breast onto the X-ray machine and gently compress it with a paddle.
- The compression lasts only a few seconds but can be uncomfortable (not usually painful).
- Two X-rays are taken of each breast.
Results are typically sent out within 2 to 3 weeks.
Are There Any Risks?
Like any medical test, breast screening has some risks:
- False positives: Sometimes, changes on the mammogram look like cancer but turn out to be harmless.
- Overdiagnosis: Occasionally, screening finds cancers that would never have caused problems in your lifetime. This can lead to unnecessary treatment.
- Radiation exposure: Mammograms use a small amount of radiation, but the benefits of screening outweigh this minimal risk for most women.
Making an Informed Choice
While screening has clear benefits, it’s not perfect. It’s important to make an informed decision about whether to attend. The NHS provides detailed leaflets and online resources to help you weigh the pros and cons.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Is breast screening painful?
Some women find it uncomfortable due to the pressure on the breast, but it only lasts a few seconds. Most people find it manageable.
Can I still have screening if I have breast implants?
Yes. Let the screening staff know beforehand. Extra care is taken, and additional X-rays may be needed.
What if I have symptoms before my screening is due?
Don’t wait. See your GP straight away if you notice:
- A lump
- Changes in the shape or size of your breast
- Nipple discharge or inversion
- Skin changes or dimpling
Screening is for people without symptoms. If you have symptoms, you’ll need a different kind of assessment.
Is screening available for men?
Routine breast screening is not offered to men, as breast cancer in men is rare. However, men with symptoms or a strong family history may be referred for tests.
How do I book or change my screening appointment?
If you’ve received an invitation, follow the instructions on the letter. If you’re over 70 and haven’t had a mammogram in the last 3 years, you can contact your local screening unit directly to arrange one.
In Summary
Breast screening is a key tool in the fight against breast cancer. It’s safe, free on the NHS, and it saves lives by detecting cancer early. If you’re eligible, attending your appointment could make a big difference — not just for your health, but for your peace of mind.
For more information, visit the NHS Breast Screening website.
Seni Mylvaganam
Consultant Oncoplastic Breast Surgeon
October 25

